cpc_buf_create(3CPCPU Performance Counters Library Functiocpc_buf_create(3CPC)NAME
cpc_buf_create, cpc_buf_destroy, cpc_set_sample, cpc_buf_get,
cpc_buf_set, cpc_buf_hrtime, cpc_buf_tick, cpc_buf_sub, cpc_buf_add,
cpc_buf_copy, cpc_buf_zero - sample and manipulate CPC data
SYNOPSIS
cc [ flag... ] file... -lcpc [ library... ]
#include <libcpc.h>
cpc_buf_t *cpc_buf_create(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_set_t *set);
int cpc_buf_destroy(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *buf);
int cpc_set_sample(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_set_t *set, cpc_buf_t *buf);
int cpc_buf_get(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *buf, int index, uint64_t *val);
int cpc_buf_set(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *buf, int index, uint64_t val);
hrtime_t cpc_buf_hrtime(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *buf);
uint64_t cpc_buf_tick(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *buf);
void cpc_buf_sub(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *ds, cpc_buf_t *a, cpc_buf_t
*b);
void cpc_buf_add(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *ds, cpc_buf_t *a, cpc_buf_t
*b);
void cpc_buf_copy(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *ds, cpc_buf_t *src);
void cpc_buf_zero(cpc_t *cpc, cpc_buf_t *buf);
DESCRIPTION
Counter data is sampled into CPC buffers, which are represented by the
opaque data type cpc_buf_t. A CPC buffer is created with cpc_buf_cre‐
ate() to hold the data for a specific CPC set. Once a CPC buffer has
been created, it can only be used to store and manipulate the data of
the CPC set for which it was created.
Once a set has been successfully bound, the counter values are sampled
using cpc_set_sample(). The cpc_set_sample() function takes a snapshot
of the hardware performance counters counting on behalf of the requests
in set and stores the 64-bit virtualized software representations of
the counters in the supplied CPC buffer. If a set was bound with
cpc_bind_curlwp(3CPC) or cpc_bind_cpu(3CPC), the set can only be sam‐
pled by the LWP that bound it.
The kernel maintains 64-bit virtual software counters to hold the
counts accumulated for each request in the set, thereby allowing appli‐
cations to count past the limits of the underlying physical counter,
which can be significantly smaller than 64 bits. The kernel attempts to
maintain the full 64-bit counter values even in the face of physical
counter overflow on architectures and processors that can automatically
detect overflow. If the processor is not capable of overflow detection,
the caller must ensure that the counters are sampled often enough to
avoid the physical counters wrapping. The events most prone to wrap are
those that count processor clock cycles. If such an event is of inter‐
est, sampling should occur frequently so that the counter does not wrap
between samples.
The cpc_buf_get() function retrieves the last sampled value of a par‐
ticular request in buf. The index argument specifies which request
value in the set to retrieve. The index for each request is returned
during set configuration by cpc_set_add_request(3CPC). The 64-bit vir‐
tualized software counter value is stored in the location pointed to by
the val argument.
The cpc_buf_set() function stores a 64-bit value to a specific request
in the supplied buffer. This operation can be useful for performing
calculations with CPC buffers, but it does not affect the value of the
hardware counter (and thus will not affect the next sample).
The cpc_buf_hrtime() function returns a high-resolution timestamp indi‐
cating exactly when the set was last sampled by the kernel.
The cpc_buf_tick() function returns a 64-bit virtualized cycle counter
indicating how long the set has been programmed into the counter since
it was bound. The units of the values returned by cpc_buf_tick() are
CPU clock cycles.
The cpc_buf_sub() function calculates the difference between each
request in sets a and b, storing the result in the corresponding
request within set ds. More specifically, for each request index n,
this function performs ds[n] = a[n] - b[n]. Similarly, cpc_buf_add()
adds each request in sets a and b and stores the result in the corre‐
sponding request within set ds.
The cpc_buf_copy() function copies each value from buffer src into buf‐
fer ds. Both buffers must have been created from the same cpc_set_t.
The cpc_buf_zero() function sets each request's value in the buffer to
zero.
The cpc_buf_destroy() function frees all resources associated with the
CPC buffer.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, cpc_buf_create() returns a pointer to a CPC
buffer which can be used to hold data for the set argument. Otherwise,
this function returns NULL and sets errno to indicate the error.
Upon successful completion, cpc_set_sample(), cpc_buf_get(), and
cpc_buf_set() return 0. Otherwise, they return -1 and set errno to
indicate the error.
ERRORS
These functions will fail if:
EINVAL For cpc_set_sample(), the set is not bound, the set
and/or CPC buffer were not created with the given cpc
handle, or the CPC buffer was not created with the sup‐
plied set.
EAGAIN When using cpc_set_sample() to sample a CPU-bound set,
the LWP has been unbound from the processor it is mea‐
suring.
ENOMEM The library could not allocate enough memory for its
internal data structures.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Interface Stability │Evolving │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│MT-Level │Safe │
└─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
SEE ALSOcpc_bind_curlwp(3CPC), cpc_set_add_request(3CPC), libcpc(3LIB),
attributes(5)NOTES
Often the overhead of performing a system call can be too disruptive to
the events being measured. Once a cpc_bind_curlwp(3CPC) call has been
issued, it is possible to access directly the performance hardware reg‐
isters from within the application. If the performance counter context
is active, the counters will count on behalf of the current LWP.
Not all processors support this type of access. On processors where
direct access is not possible, cpc_set_sample() must be used to read
the counters.
SPARC
rd %pic, %rN ! All UltraSPARC
wr %rN, %pic ! (All UltraSPARC, but see text)
x86
rdpmc ! Pentium II, III, and 4 only
If the counter context is not active or has been invalidated, the %pic
register (SPARC), and the rdpmc instruction (Pentium) becomes unavail‐
able.
Pentium II and III processors support the non-privileged rdpmc instruc‐
tion that requires that the counter of interest be specified in %ecx
and return a 40-bit value in the %edx:%eax register pair. There is no
non-privileged access mechanism for Pentium I processors.
SunOS 5.10 30 Jan 2004 cpc_buf_create(3CPC)